Approximate dose-response bands. Individual response varies — these are starting points, not prescriptions.
Well below target. Risk of deficiency symptoms tied to coenzyme a.
Below the recommended daily target. Long-term adequacy not assured.
Daily target met. Standard nutritional support for coenzyme a.
Common for specific health goals. Check the evidence for your situation before sustaining this level.
Past the point where extra intake typically helps. Evidence for further benefit is thin.
You're at 0% of your vitamin b5 (pantothenic acid) target. The biggest single-serving sources to top it off:
Pantothenic acid ('from everywhere') is the backbone of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein — required for fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA formation, and steroid/cholesterol synthesis. Deficiency is essentially unknown in unrestricted diets because it's so broadly distributed.
Pantothenate combines with cysteine and ATP to form CoA. CoA's terminal thiol forms thioester bonds with acyl groups (acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, etc.), making them metabolically active for the TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and ketone metabolism.
Spontaneous deficiency is essentially unreported. Induced deficiency (1950s 'burning feet' research with pantothenate antagonists) caused neurological symptoms.
No established UL. Doses up to 10 g/day are tolerated with occasional mild GI upset.
Calcium pantothenate at 5–10 mg/day in a B-complex covers AI. Pantethine 600 mg/day in three divided doses is the lipid-active form. Targeted standalone supplementation is rarely warranted.
About 50% of dietary pantothenic acid is bioavailable. Heat processing and freezing destroy a meaningful fraction (35–75% loss). Absorbed in jejunum via sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT), shared with biotin and lipoate.
Adequate baseline matters (CoA is required for nearly all energy metabolism), but supplementation is not associated with longevity outcomes. The pantethine LDL effect is interesting but small.
Coenzyme A synthesis; fatty acid and energy metabolism.
The mechanisms and systems this nutrient feeds. Click any to drill into what runs on it.