28 pathways — the mechanism layer beneath systems. Each pathway lists its primary (load-bearing) nutrient cofactors first, then the long tail. Click a nutrient to drill into its detail page.
DNA methylation, homocysteine clearance, methyl-donor supply
Glutathione, SOD, catalase — quenching oxidative stress
Krebs cycle + electron transport — ATP production
Hydroxyapatite formation, osteoblast cofactors
T3/T4 synthesis from tyrosine + iodine; deiodinase cofactors
Proline/lysine hydroxylation + lysyl-oxidase cross-linking
Dopamine, serotonin, GABA precursors + B6/iron cofactors
CYP450 phase I + glutathione/sulfation/glycine phase II
Insulin sensitivity, GLUT4 translocation, glycemic control
Heme synthesis, erythropoiesis, oxygen carrying capacity
Cholesterol/triglyceride handling, β-oxidation of fatty acids
Prebiotic fibre + live cultures → short-chain fatty acids (butyrate)
Phosphatidylcholine/PE synthesis, membrane fluidity & repair
eNOS → nitric oxide, vasodilation, endothelial function
Vitamin K-dependent factors II/VII/IX/X, fibrin formation
Cortisol synthesis, adrenal cofactor supply, calming neurochemistry
Glucose → pyruvate; B1 + magnesium-dependent enzymatic steps
Fatty acid → acetyl-CoA inside mitochondria; carnitine shuttle
Fatty acid → ketone bodies during fasting / very-low-carb states
NAD⁺ synthesis + salvage — fuels sirtuins, PARPs, redox balance
Anabolic growth-signaling kinase — leucine activates, fasting / rapamycin inhibits
Cellular energy sensor — activates fasting/exercise/metformin pathways
Liver nitrogen disposal — converts ammonia from amino-acid catabolism to urea
Tyrosine → L-DOPA → dopamine — motivation, focus, reward neurotransmitter
Tryptophan → 5-HTP → serotonin — mood, sleep, gut motility (90% gut-made)
Cholesterol → pregnenolone → sex + adrenal steroids (testosterone, cortisol, estradiol)
Skin/liver/kidney 2-step hydroxylation — magnesium-dependent
Insulin → receptor → IRS-1 → GLUT4 translocation; cofactor-heavy chain