Reference Library

Biochemical Pathways

27 pathways — the mechanism layer beneath systems. Each pathway lists its primary (load-bearing) nutrient cofactors first, then the long tail. Click a nutrient to drill into its detail page.

DNA methylation, homocysteine clearance, methyl-donor supply

Vitamin B9 (Folate)Vitamin B12 Choline Vitamin B6 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)Magnesium

Glutathione, SOD, catalase — quenching oxidative stress

Vitamin C Vitamin E Selenium Zinc Copper Manganese NAC

Krebs cycle + electron transport — ATP production

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)Magnesium Iron Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)L-Carnitine Creatine

Hydroxyapatite formation, osteoblast cofactors

Calcium Vitamin D Vitamin K Magnesium Phosphorus Manganese

T3/T4 synthesis from tyrosine + iodine; deiodinase cofactors

Iodine Selenium L-Tyrosine Zinc Iron

Proline/lysine hydroxylation + lysyl-oxidase cross-linking

Vitamin C Copper L-Lysine Zinc Manganese Protein

Neurotransmitter→

Dopamine, serotonin, GABA precursors + B6/iron cofactors

L-Tyrosine Vitamin B6 Iron Vitamin B9 (Folate)Vitamin B12 Magnesium Glycine L-Theanine

CYP450 phase I + glutathione/sulfation/glycine phase II

NAC Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)Selenium Vitamin B3 (Niacin)Magnesium Choline Taurine Glycine

Insulin sensitivity, GLUT4 translocation, glycemic control

Chromium Magnesium Fiber Vitamin D Vitamin B3 (Niacin)Zinc Taurine

Hematopoiesis→

Heme synthesis, erythropoiesis, oxygen carrying capacity

Iron Vitamin B12 Vitamin B9 (Folate)Vitamin B6 Copper Vitamin A Protein

Cholesterol/triglyceride handling, β-oxidation of fatty acids

Omega-3 (EPA+DHA)Vitamin B3 (Niacin)L-Carnitine Choline Fiber Magnesium

Phosphatidylcholine/PE synthesis, membrane fluidity & repair

Choline Omega-3 (EPA+DHA)Vitamin E Protein

eNOS → nitric oxide, vasodilation, endothelial function

L-Arginine L-Citrulline Omega-3 (EPA+DHA)Vitamin C Magnesium Potassium

Vitamin K-dependent factors II/VII/IX/X, fibrin formation

Vitamin K Calcium Vitamin D Omega-3 (EPA+DHA)

Cortisol synthesis, adrenal cofactor supply, calming neurochemistry

Vitamin C Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)Magnesium Vitamin B6 Taurine Glycine L-Theanine

Glucose → pyruvate; B1 + magnesium-dependent enzymatic steps

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)Magnesium Vitamin B3 (Niacin)Chromium Phosphorus

β-Oxidation→

Fatty acid → acetyl-CoA inside mitochondria; carnitine shuttle

L-Carnitine Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)Vitamin B3 (Niacin)Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)Iron Magnesium

Fatty acid → ketone bodies during fasting / very-low-carb states

L-Carnitine Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)Vitamin B3 (Niacin)Magnesium

NAD⁺ synthesis + salvage — fuels sirtuins, PARPs, redox balance

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)tryptophan Magnesium

Anabolic growth-signaling kinase — leucine activates, fasting / rapamycin inhibits

Protein L-Lysine L-Arginine

Cellular energy sensor — activates fasting/exercise/metformin pathways

Magnesium Vitamin B3 (Niacin)Fiber Omega-3 (EPA+DHA)

Liver nitrogen disposal — converts ammonia from amino-acid catabolism to urea

L-Arginine Magnesium L-Citrulline Vitamin B6 Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

Tyrosine → L-DOPA → dopamine — motivation, focus, reward neurotransmitter

L-Tyrosine Vitamin B6 Iron Vitamin C Magnesium

Tryptophan → 5-HTP → serotonin — mood, sleep, gut motility (90% gut-made)

Vitamin B6 Iron Vitamin D Magnesium

Steroidogenesis→

Cholesterol → pregnenolone → sex + adrenal steroids (testosterone, cortisol, estradiol)

Vitamin A Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)Vitamin C Zinc Magnesium Vitamin D

Vitamin D Activation→

Skin/liver/kidney 2-step hydroxylation — magnesium-dependent

Vitamin D Magnesium Vitamin K

Insulin Signaling→

Insulin → receptor → IRS-1 → GLUT4 translocation; cofactor-heavy chain

Chromium Magnesium Zinc Vitamin D Omega-3 (EPA+DHA)Fiber